Review of an Academic Research Paper Literature Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Of an Academic Research Paper - Literature audit Example Instructive legitimacy is affected by the illustrative legitimacy issues, and strategies for actualizing the reenactment (Stainton, Johnson and Borodzicz, 2010, p.707). The authentic issues of legitimacy exude from algorithmic legitimacy, and the level of reality that expects to accomplish the fundamental learning. Different components that impact illustrative legitimacy are partialities that radiate from originators, and the adequacy of test systems in helping partakers to comprehend the reenactment portrayal (Stainton, Johnson and Borodzicz, 2010, P. 709) ). To accomplish instructive legitimacy, it is imperative to apply the standards of experiential learning. Experiential learning includes the utilization of faculties to build learning by experiencing through various issues, and later on thinking about them, for reasons for understanding the issue and its answer. Robinson (2005) likewise concurs with the articles recommendation that, there is no procedure for the structure, usage, and approval of absolute venture reenactments. For motivations behind giving a structure to an approval examination, coming up next are planned hypothetical relational words. Klein (1985) concurs with the articles contention which expresses that reenactment is effective is fruitful if members figure out how to demonstrate that their encounters during the procedure changed their perspectives in regards to the administration of organizations. This strategy allows agents to procure important and a comprehensive qualities of occasions that shape the reality. Contextual analyses clarify genuine phenomena’s that are inconceivable for trials and reviews to portray and offer an answer (Stainton, Johnson and Borodzicz, 2010, p. 712). The principle point of develop legitimacy is to make precise operational measures for motivations behind utilizing it during the procedure of information assortment. Thusly, it is critical to operationalize absolute endeavor recreation so as to quantify it. Outside legitimacy

If The Launching Of Wal-Mart Organic Product Line May Fail Essay

On the off chance that The Launching Of Wal-Mart Organic Product Line May Fail - Essay Example This paper shows that the advantages of devouring natural nourishments instead of handled things have been recognized by a noteworthy group of society and this thought has continuously advanced into turning out to be basic information there are sure confinements as to the utilization of natural nourishments which possibly limit purchasers from buying items which fall under this classification. As announced by Charles, the absolute most huge factor, for this situation, is connected with the moderately significant expenses of natural nourishments which basically stop the majority from declining to devour prepared things which have a much lower sticker price. In addition, different viewpoints that can be connected with this predominant issue are connected to the appropriation of natural nourishments and the insufficiency of current circulation channels that don't fall under the extent of mass retailing. Given the advancement of the current situation, the reason for this examination is t o look at Wal-Mart’s prospects in the natural nourishments industry by applying the suggestions of Porter’s 5 Forces vital instrument to grasp the condition of the business in an increasingly complete way and present appropriate proposals to the organization for making future progress. The appearance of Wal-Mart in the natural nourishments market couldn't be held for a critical timeframe in light of the fact that the organization had to affirm the conclusion of its natural nourishments brand by 2007. Therefore, as an outcome of this activity pundits and industry examiners started to bring up the issue with regards to whether the mass retailer has the capacity to make natural food modest and reasonable for the mass market that it serves. As noted beforehand, the factor of high estimating stays one of the most significant contemplations with respect to the thought of advancing natural food utilization among the bigger populace. In this manner, increasing a favorable posi tion by improving cost productivity can be regarded as one of the most basic elements for gaining achievement in the market. Furthermore, it is additionally essential to comprehend those client inspirations for paying more for natural nourishments must be perceived and featured to fathom the requests of the crowd and address them as needs be.

Children after the separation Essay Example for Free

Kids after the division Essay Further his investigations of the impacts of war on kids who were isolated from their moms at an early age was viewed as research done in an emergency circumstance. Pundits contend under these conditions it is difficult to close how similar youngsters would have responded out of a war time condition. It was likewise contended that Bowlby neglected to consider in his examinations what had befallen the kids after the partition. Bowlby was affected extraordinarily by James Robertsons look into on the impacts of partition on mother and youngster through hospitalization. Robertsons examined kids between a half year and three years old who were isolated from their moms because of hospitalization. Robertson professed to have built up an arrangement of conduct that all kids would go through. This arrangement comprised of misery, were kids acted in an upset way. Misery whereby the youngster appears to lose any desire for discovering there lost parent. Ultimately, the kid show separation type conduct, declining anybody to get engaged with them. Robertson reasoned that partition from their mom was hurtful. In 1971 Klein and Stern considered why guardians misuse their youngsters. They discovered proof in their investigations that a high level of manhandled youngsters had been conceived rashly. Since these kids were placed into a hatchery and isolated from their folks a connection couldn't create, bringing about later maltreatment toward the kids. The investigation presumed that there is a vital period when connections not shaped satisfactorily would not have the option to be re-framed. This is of extensive significance to social work according to the cutting edge comprehension of kid maltreatment as further research has indicated that numerous abusers were once manhandled themselves. Klaus Kennell (1976) two pediatricians set forward the hypothesis that they also accepted there was a basic period when connection occurred, this was following birth, when the mother was physiologically pre-arranged to bond with her baby. It was during this time the quality of the connection was determined. The American National Center for Clinical Programs underpins Bowlbys thought of motherlove. They suggest that a parent who acknowledges they will have a drawn out relationship with their youngster will place more into the providing care and association, instead of a substitute guardian who may not be so persuaded as they see numerous kids go back and forth and thusly don't develop a mindful relationship with kids. This thought has suggestions for encouraging as a result might be absence of care or preference towards other kids in their consideration. John Elisabeth Newson (1986) call attention to that one capacity of a parent is to go about as a memory store for the kids to play back and think about encounters. Youngsters in a consideration setting without a key grown-up with whom they have a cozy relationship with will be not able to expand upon past encounters and this may affect their passionate development. Many contemplates have taken a gander at whether connection is intuitive, as Bowlby had accepted. Konrad Lorenz (1935) concurred that connection was intuitive when he set forward his engraving hypothesis. His perceptions uncovered that recently brought forth goslings follow the principal thing they saw, this could be a human or other article and there was a short basic period right off the bat in the goslings life when this would happen and was seen as irreversible. Lorenzs accepted this was organic, a factor of development that guarantees the youthful of all species can connect to somebody for endurance, and was applicable to the manner in which people structure connections corresponding to it being a natural conduct. Pundits of his hypothesis (Sluckin 1961 and Bateson 1964) have demonstrated that if a youthful flying creature is kept separated it stays unimprinted past Lorenzs basic period and engraving can happen after the basic time frame has passed. This provides reason to feel ambiguous about Lorenzs guarantee that engraving forms are intuitive. Numerous analysts presently accept that engraving is really a procedure of quick learning (MacFarlane 1975) As opposed to the hypothesis that connection is instinctual Colin Turnbull and Margaret Mead when considering families in different African clans reasoned that they saw no indications of intuitive love or friendship among guardians and kids. It was very typical for some kids to be left to battle for themselves; many were even executed as they were suspected of as weights by their folks. The specialists came to accept connection to be a taken in process that we disguise from watching our own moms conduct, and if not adapted appropriately for instance through ailment or as in the clans case through an alternate arrangement of family standards and ways of life, at that point no holding or enthusiastic connection can happen. In New York in 1943 Goldfarb directed an investigation of vagrants. Two gatherings of fifteen vagrants were coordinated for age, sex and social foundation of their folks. The vagrants of gathering A had been cultivated before nine months old. The vagrants in bunch B had spent in any event their initial three years in a shelter before they were cultivated. Goldfarb visited every youngster at ages three, six, eight and twelve years and estimated their advancement with respect to insight, language aptitudes, social development and their capacity to shape connections. Goldfarb found that each youngster in bunch A showed improvement over those in bunch B prompting the decision that a typical family home is urgent to passionate and psychological turn of events. Pundits of this examination contend that the kids might not have had a similar insight in any case and that the kids in Group B didn't have the incitement of a family for as long a period as those kids in Group A. Harlow Zimmerman led concentrates on a gathering of rhesus monkeys. Their examinations comprised of separating youthful monkeys for a quarter of a year, a half year or a year. The specialists reasoned that the conduct of the monkeys who had been disconnected for a year was proportionately more awful than the individuals who had been segregated for a quarter of a year. The conduct of the considerable number of monkeys who had endured confinement apparently was upset. Similar specialists additionally set monkeys in an enclosure with substitute moms, a doll made of wire with a taking care of jug and a doll made of wood and toweling without a taking care of container. The monkeys invested equivalent measures of energy with every substitute mother. The examinations indicated that the monkeys wanted to stick to the toweling doll regardless of whether it implied they didn't have a taking care of jug. This drove the analysts to accept that warm contact is of basic significance as a requirement for the monkeys and prompts tender reactions. Pundits of both these investigations question the pertinence of creature studies to human conduct. Bowlbys compelling hypothesis figured out how to interface together the developmental focal point of adjustment with the psychodynamic and conduct significance of social connections during outset and adolescence. (Hollin 95) A proportion of its impact can be picked up from the activity of the World Health Organization in 1955 expressing that Permanent harm should be possible to the enthusiastic wellbeing of infants and kids when placed into nurseries or sent to kid minders. The WHO report had numerous outcomes and brought about heaps of works on with respect to kid care and childrens needs being changed. Ladies were urged to remain at home and were caused to feel liable and terrible moms if the went out to work. (Which fit the administration at that point, as they required these cleared employments for men) Family Allowance installments were additionally acquainted as a further incitement with shield ladies from going out to work Maternity wards urged kin to remain with their mom, while childrens wards urged moms to stay. A principle effect on social work practice was the possibility that a terrible home is better that the best foundation which brought about less cultivating and expulsion of kids from poor if not risky circumstances at home. Bowlbys discoveries were persuasive yet dubious and turned into the beginning stage for additional examinations. A few investigations started to differ with Bowlby, Fraiberg in 1974 contended that it was conceivable to fortify a connection; Parents of visually impaired youngsters who didn't encounter eye to eye connection with their baby felt dismissed and therefore couldn't build up a solid connection to their kids. When educated to decipher their childs hand developments, it was discovered the bond could be fortified. Cooperation was believed to be the significant component in building up the connection.

Aviation Question The Airline Industry is a Great Paradox - 550 Words

Aviation Question: The Airline Industry is a Great Paradox (Essay Sample) Content: Question 1Airline yield is basically the amount paid by a passenger per a mile travelled using the airline. It is calculated by dividing the overall passenger revenue collected by the number of passenger miles. It is often calculated during the estimation or measure of the charges upon each passenger or customer per mile. Airline yield is basically meant to do the overall analysis and assessment of airline fares over a specified time period. The current trend in the airline industry is characterized by low profit margins and low shareholders returns. This has prompted the airline industry to embark on laying down strategies to cut the overall cost in a bind to streamline revenue growth and consequently increase its profit margins. In spite of those challenge the airline industry has continued to record consistent growth over the past few decades. Much of this growth can be attributed to low cost and at times reduced oil prices that work to the advantage of the airline .Question 2There is great difference between load factors and high yield factors.Load factor involves measures that maximize utilization of public facilities and especially public transport in this context. The load function is calculated by dividing the average weight by the maximum amount of the load at a given time period. On the other hand, high yield factor in reference to transport refers to a situation where the demand that is experienced is high than the supply in the said market. Example if in an airplane is supposed to carry a maximum of fifty passengers but due to demand, it is forced to carry more or take extra trips, then that is high yield factor. The maximum weight of goods that a cargo plane can carry is its load factor.Question 3The airline industry is a great paradox in the sense that the industry is bound to face many challenges but at the same time it attracts new entrants that find the business very viable. The industry involve high capital intensive and it happ ens to be very prone to fluctuations in the oil prices and many economic cycles yet at the end of the day the industry is sustainable. This is a paradox in the sense that many analyst would expect and anticipate the collapse of the airline industry while the opposite end up happening, the industry is sustainable.Question 4Types of organizations within the air transport value chain include the following; southwest airlines value chain, American airlin...

Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 507 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/04/08 Category Society Essay Level High school Topics: Child Abuse Essay Did you like this example? Description of the problem that necessitated the policy From 1990 until 1993 there was a steady increase in the number of child maltreatment cases and victims from ages 0-17. When looking at number of cases that include duplicate victims the numbers rose from 861,000 cases to 1,032,000 cases. The numbers both dropped and rose from 1993 until 1996. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act" essay for you Create order After 1996 there was a steep decrease in the number of child maltreatment cases, dropping to approximately 829,000 cases. From 1999 until 2006 the numbers constantly fluctuated up and down until the year 2006. In 2006 there was another steep decline the number of child maltreatment cases, the numbers had finally fallen below 800,000 cases. From 2006 and onward there has been consistency in the number regarding child maltreatment cases, on average the numbers have stayed close to 750,000. Although there has been a consistency in the number of cases, the number of child maltreatment cases has decreased significantly since the 1990s. Children who lived in homes on the lower end of the society Historical Background of the Policy There was no organized child protection in place until 1875, but there were laws put into place to protect the welfare of children. Magistrates possessed the ability to remove children who were not being trained up in the correct way in 1642 in Massachusetts. Also, Massachusetts passed a law in 1866 that granted judges the ability to involve themselves in family issues when a child was growing up in a home where he/she was not growing, being neglected, or not getting the proper education. In 1869 the Illinois Supreme Court determined that the law would punish parents who deliberately inflicted pain on their children, whether it was by imprisonment or physical abuse. Although government-enforced child protection was unheard of during these times, child neglect was not going unnoticed and there were people who tried to help. The New York Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children was the first organization in the world to fully dedicate itself to the protection of children. The organization came to be as a result of the rescue of Mary Ellen Wilson. After the many failed attempts to get investigations from police officers and charities a missionary, named Etta Wheeler, got advice from an animal cruelty advocate named Henry Bergh. After consulting with Bergh and his lawyer, Elbridge Gerry, Etta Wheeler was able to rescue Mary from her abusive and neglectful circumstances. This incident brought attention to the fact that there was no organization responsible for the protection of children. Gerry and Bergh decided that there was need for an organization devoted to protecting children, so they created the New York Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children. After the news spread of the New York Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children, a trend of nongovernmental agencies with the goal o f child protection started across the country. The Shephard-Towner Act supplied federal money for the health of mothers and babies from 1921 to 1929, but the federal governments involvement in social well-being was triggered by the Great Depression. Almost all states placed the authority of child safety on the government in 1967.

The Problem Of Evil An Argument Against The Existence Of...

Notes †¢ The problem of evil (the problem of suffering) is an argument against the existence of God †¢ The argument against the existence of God is incompatible with the existence of an all-loving, all-powerful God. Greek Philosopher Epicurus The Epicurean Paradox †¢ Is God willing, but not able to prevent evil? †¢ Answer: Then he is not omnipotent †¢ Is God able but not willing? †¢ Then he is malevolent †¢ Is he both able and willing? †¢ Then whence cometh evil? †¢ Is he neither able nor willing? Then why call him god? J.L Mackie The Inconsistent Triad †¢ God is All-Good (benevolent) †¢ God is all-powerful (omnipotent) †¢ But since evil exists, then it must be the case that evil exists The above argument is the logical problem of evil They are deductive arguments that try to prove Gods existence is logically incompatible with Evil The second argument is the evidential problem of evil William Rowe The existence of evil makes God’s existence unlikely or improbable Important point: Evil does not mean God does NOT exist, but only implies that God’s probably has a lesser chance of existing. This argument is inductive, as it doesn’t try to prove its conclusion. Premise 1: Evil and suffering exist Premise 2: God is all loving and all powerful Premise 3: An all loving powerful God, if he existed, would remove evil and suffering Conclusion: God does not exist This is a deductive argument. Advantage: if premise is true, we have to accept the conclusionShow MoreRelatedMccloskey Responses1660 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction H. J. McCloskey gets most of his strong statements against the belief by asking the atheist to provide sufficient proof that God exists. However, McCloskey is not the only person who is unsure and asks questions God’s existence based on personal beliefs or influence. From the beginning many people have had questions about God and his existence. He wrote numerous books on atheism between 1960 and 1980 including the famous book, God and Evil. This paper evaluates the credibility of McCloskey’s articleRead MoreThe Problem Of Evil And The Existence Of God1636 Words   |  7 PagesThe Problem of Evil is one of the most influential and common arguments in modern philosophy against the existence of a Greater Being, God (Trakakis, 2006). Both Theist, those who believe in the existence of God, and Atheist, those who don’t believe in the existence of God, argue that evil exists in the world. The Problem of Evil explores whether the existence of evil and suffering constit utes significance evidence for atheism. When looking at the definition of the greater being, most refer to theRead MorePhilosophy And Philosophy Of Religion Essay1681 Words   |  7 Pagesquestions regarding the religion, the nature and the existence of god and also the religious vocabulary and texts followed by the people. The religious philosophy and philosophy of religion are very different from each other, in philosophy of religion we discuss the questions regarding the nature of religion as a whole rather than seeking the problems brought by a particular religious system. In philosophy of religion we discuss the question like IS THERE A GOD?. but this is not the only question we focusRead MoreThe Existence Of God : Evil1293 Words   |  6 Pages The Existence of God Throughout the years as the human species keeps learning about the world we live in, we are finding out that we are surrounded everywhere by evil. This seems to conflict with the belief of theism, one who believes in a God or Gods, especially a personal God who’s in control of the world. If there was an all-omnipotent, all-omniscient, and all-benevolent God, then he should have consummate knowledge that there’s evil in the world. Given that, if heRead MoreA Critical Evaluation of the Deductive Argument from Evil1710 Words   |  7 PagesCritically Evaluate the Deductive Argument from Evil Logically, can Evil and the â€Å"three-O† God co-exist in this universe? The deductive argument from evil says they cannot. In this essay I will explain the argument and analyze why it is valid but unsound. I will do this by discussing fallacious nature of the premise that if God were omnipotent and knew he could prevent the existence of evil without sacrificing some greater good he would then necessarily prevent it. The essay will proposeRead MoreThe Existence Of God : Evil1297 Words   |  6 PagesThe Existence of God Throughout the years as the human species keeps learning about the world we live in, we are finding out that we are surrounded everywhere by evil. This seems to conflict with the belief of theism, one who believes in a God or Gods, especially a personal God who’s in control of the world. If there was an all-omnipotent, all-omniscient, and all-benevolent God, then he should have consummate knowledge that there’s evil in the world. Given that, if he knows there’s corruptionRead MoreThe Question Of God s Existence1575 Words   |  7 PagesPHIL 201 Date: 12/13/2015 INTRODUCTION The question of God’s existence has been challenged by many philosophers and non-philosophers alike over the years. If I am honest with myself, during many hard times I have questioned Gods existence myself. Arguments that have been used to support the existence of a divine being includes; the cosmological argument and the theological argument. However, there are some who oppose these arguments and philosopher H.J. McCloskey is among this group. In the articleRead More J.L. Mackies Evil and Omnipotence Essay1652 Words   |  7 PagesJ.L. Mackies Evil and Omnipotence The philosopher J.L. Mackie wrote a very convincing piece on the problem of evil called â€Å"Evil and Omnipotence,† in which he attempts to show that one of the following premises must be false in order for them to be consistent with each other. #1. God is omnipotent. #2. God is morally perfect. #3. Evil exists. The problem of evil is a deductive a priori argument who’s goal is to prove the non-existence of God. In addition to Mackie’s three main premisesRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article On Being An Atheist 1290 Words   |  6 PagesGod’s existence has been challenged by many philosophers and non-philosophers alike. Arguments that have been used to support the existence of a divine being includes the cosmological argument and the theological argument. However there are some who oppose these arguments and philosopher H.J. McCloskey is among this group. In the article â€Å"On Being an Atheist† written by H.J. McCloskey, he argues that both these arguments are false and insufficient as it relates to â€Å"proof† of God’s existence. McCloskeyRead MoreDoes God Exist1483 Words   |  6 PagesDoes God Exist The question of God’s existence has lingered in the mind of man since the dawn of religion. The simple fact that billions of people consider themselves to have some allegiance to a deity means that this question deserves to be seriously considered. In this paper I will argue for the sake that God does exist and the reasons why. I will include many of the arguments found in our philosophy book and those covered in class as well as other subjects such as human suffering and the reasons

A definition for poverty free essay sample

How poverty is defined Is essential as a starting point to this argument. The definition can fluctuate drastically depending on who you ask. The answers are almost as varied as the proposed solutions. As nice as It Is to Imagine ways to fix the problem we need to first define what the problem Is. If we are looking at poverty as a problem that has existed before us and will almost definitely continue to exist after us we need a definition that can function as a universal. That is a much more difficult ask than saying under X- thousand dollars a year.A brief note: for this definition we will be working with the understanding of economics as a zero sum game, meaning that there is a finite number of resources a society can produce. To accomplish this we will need to start at the very beginning and work our way forward to the present day. We will write a custom essay sample on A definition for poverty or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As far back as we can go in terms of economics is to look at modern day tribal societies that still use hunter gatherer systems, with little of what we would call modern economics. Although many of these societies are far from deal most people would agree that even by the most broad definition poverty does not exist In them.This Is because of two major reasons, the first Is that In a hunting and gathering society people are the most valuable resource and keeping everyone in the tribe satisfied and healthy is of utmost importance. The second is that without agriculture and industry there can be no surplus and therefore no one can own more goods than anyone else for a significant amount of time. With the advent of agriculture on a large scale people were able to develop surpluses either by skill or y luck and to use those surpluses to their advantage.This is when we start to see classes of people emerge, both those with more wealth than others and those with less. Although early agriculture varied from place to place and time to time generally we can say that this Is when the differences In peoples access to goods reached levels that could be considered poverty. Fundamentally then poverty exists when a fraction of a society Is lacking a surplus of the goods needed for subsistence and another fraction of the society has a wealth of such goods. Poverty cannot exist without wealth, and vice versa.More specifically poverty is living at or below subsistence in a society that produces enough raw goods for each member to live at, but contains many who live above that, and a few who live far above that. Poverty has no quantifiable level and words like subsistence are relative to th e the society in which it exists. Though no definition can be perfect this understanding of poverty does justice to how complicated a phenomenon it is, and importantly emphasizes the irony that poverty can only exist is societies that can produce more than they need to consume.

White on Black Review Essay Example

White on Black Review Paper Essay on White on Black I do not want to write what is gigantic reviews and sing brovady. Let me just say that the book is made valid impressions going. But in this brief essay I would not want to lay it on the shelves and try to analyze how a general, I believe that each of these works is to take something for themselves. And thats what I podcherpnul for sebya.Galego not crying and trying to pull us to the heart, he says that life, such as it is. That he came into this world, so it is necessary. And he was pleased with his body, because as the choice he does not, then its a good body. but most importantly, I realized that all people can be divided into four categories: those who can, and change their own destiny; those who have no opportunity to change something, and just goes with the flow; those who have the ability but do not change anything and just drift, and those who have a one in a million Shas and sometimes is used it to 200% and Gallego is from the fourth group. But if you possess them as toupory adochev the strength of the inner world that this is the last group out on the first step, they actu heard by their fate. A real, crippled the world are drifting through life fragments of people who do not want to finger and move, even for themselves, but because they have everything to prosper. Of course ideas are many, but Ill leave the rest for himself, so as not to pollute the minds of those who will read this review. In late just want to cause arguments Gallego, who beheld one of the sites where he publishes his thoughts and brief article, so that the reader understand the authors line of thought. As I have read the thoughts of Ruben talking about human values, and as a metaphor selected is monetary value, and what he says: if we evaluate a person for physical data, then Im probably not a lot, I do not have the growth I have the length of my body but still the same as a stand, and yet I have a soul, and she, too, seems to me to be worth at least not much, but I am a person mean s, in November or when you do not understand what healthy people platat money prostitutes because if they pay money of kindness to them, then they deduct them from his personal value and soon nothing will stand, and if a person is not something you should not, whether he is a man? , of course, prostitution here as an example of, well, the train of thought I think is clear.

Native American essay part 2

Native American essay part 2 Native American essay part 2 Native American essay part 2Native American essay part  1In the 1830s, Native Americans still lived in their native lands for the most part. However, white men considered them a threat to peace. So, in 1838, the Federal government had what they called the Five Civilized Tribes removed (Briggs Pittman, 1997). These tribes were the Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek, and Seminole. They were moved at a forced march up to 800 miles from their homelands to the Indian Territory, which is modern-day Oklahoma. Under cruel conditions, the army forced the peaceful tribes through the cold, winter weather to their new homes (Hertz, 2004). During this ordeal, known as the Trail of Tears, over 4,000 Cherokees alone died, out of the 15,000 moved (Billings, 2002). However, the removal of Native Americans had proved to be disastrous for them because they died due to disease, exposure, and starvation. The conditions of the removal were unbearable and Native Americans could not physically survive t he relocation. More important, the relocation was poorly managed since Native Americans were just forced out of their land, they had got the destination and the land, where they had the right to settle, and all the rest was virtually up to Native Americans, how to relocate without any support from the part of the government or white Americans.Even when the Indian Territory was reached, the US Government was not satisfied. Slowly, more and more of the land was taken from the Native American tribes. A government who maintained ideas of equality and freedom, were showing that these ideas obviously did not pertain to everyone. In 1902, several hundred thousand acres were cleared out for white settlements (McCary, 2010). In 1907, the Indian Nations ceased to exist, and when Oklahoma became a state, all Native American territory was assimilated into the Union (Rountree, 2005).Naturally, Native Americans were unwilling to obey to decisions taken by the white officials because they still be lieved that their land belonged to them and they were the native population of America and, thus, they were not going to give in their land to white Americans just because the US Congress decided so. In fact, the increasing pressure of the US government on Native Americans resulted in the open military conflict between Native Americans and white Americans. The series of bloody battles started several years after the end of the Civil War, due to the demand of Indian territory by the white Americans and ended with the massacre at Wounded Knee in 1890 (Egloff Woodward, 2001). Thousands of Native Americans were slaughtered by the cruel Union Army, led by generals such as Custer, Gabon, and Sherman. The Native Americans, led by heroes such as Sitting Bull, Chief Joseph, and Crazy Horse, fought outnumbered for many years before being defeated one by one at the hands of the Federal Government (Potter, 1993). They won many battles, such as the Kidder massacre, in which they killed an entir e regiment, with only 2 casualties themselves (Holton, 2000). However, such achievements only enhanced the pressure on Native Americans and provided the US government with the support of the public opinion because white Americans grew certain that Native Americans were dangerous.For the most part, however, the Union was a ruthless enemy. They attacked many harmless villages, and killed many Native Americans in the massacres of Powder River, Sand Creek, Little Wolf, and Wounded Knee (Nash, 1999). The Native Americans were outnumbered and outgunned. By the end of the war, they had won many battles against the Union Army, but they also lost so many warriors that they were forced to surrender (Rountree, 2005). Eventually, Native Americans’ resistance faded away as they could not resist to the overwhelming power of the US. Native Americans could not confront the well-trained army and defeat it. This is why they were forced out of their land, but they lost not only their land but a lso many Native Americans lost their life. Today, the removal of Native Americans is perceived as a humanitarian catastrophe managed by the US government, but, in that time, it was perceived as the operation aiming at securing western frontier of the US and as the only effective way to eliminate the Indian threat.However, this threat was ephemeral and rather imagined than real. As the film Soldier Blue shows the threat was imagined by white Americans because they did not understand Native Americans. More important, they did not want to negotiate or develop closer relations with Native Americans neither. Instead, they preferred to eliminate Native American physically, either through their removal or through their slaughtering. In this regard, the understanding of motives of white Americans justifies, to a certain extent, their actions. At any rate, the film and conclusions that has been just made from this film allow viewing the oppression of Native Americans by white Americans not a s the manifestation of the ultimate cruelty and a genocide attempt but, instead, it may be viewed as actions driven by sheer fear of white Americans, who did not know Native Americans and it was the fear that determined their actions and oppression of Native Americans.Thus, the complexity of relationships between white Americans and native Americans was, to a significant extent, determined by the fear and oppression as the major drivers of the tension between them. White Americans did not know Native Americans, their culture and lifestyle but their traditions appalled then. This is why they viewed Native Americans as a threat and attempted to remove them from the western frontier. However, Native Americans naturally resisted because they were eager to protect their land. As a result, the US Congress took the decision on the removal of Native Americans, who were later settled in reservations.

USA responsibility for fostering the growth and development of the EEC Article

USA responsibility for fostering the growth and development of the EEC - Article Example In addition, they believed that an integrated Europe could play a greater political role in the world. The economic gains to be derived from European integration were recognized long before the postwar era, but post-World War II developments made them greater and more visible. The benefits come from expanding the size of the market open to producers. They are thus able to obtain the economies of scale resulting from mass production and specialization, and the economy as a whole can gain from the effects of greater competition. The advantages of integration assumed greater importance in the 1950's because technological developments that occurred during and after the war increased the size of the market necessary to support efficient industry. Competition from large U.S. business firms seemed insurmountable to European firms faced with small, fragmented markets and equipped with obsolete machinery. Larger markets and protection from the competition of U.S. products were thought necessary to sustain rapid European growth. Both could be obtained through economic integration. The political gains from integration seemed at the time to be even more important than the economic ones. The destructive war in Europe was not followed by peace but by cold war. Under Joseph Stalin, the Soviet Union threatened the very existence of European governments. Germany was divided and faced a powerful Russian army on its frontier. Italy and France both experienced great uncertainties from having large Communist minorities within their borders. In this situation, only the military power of the United States maintained security. But the Europeans felt that they had to make an important contribution to their own defense, both to avoid being totally dependent on the United States, and to prepare for the day when U.S military forces would be removed from European soil. Integration through supranational institutions was thought to be both a means of ensuring efficient expenditure of the resources Europeans felt they could devote to security, and a way of downgrading independent m ilitary establishments. In Germany, particularly, integration was viewed as a means of providing sufficient strength in the West to convince the Soviet Union that nothing could be gained from a continued division of Germany, in the hope that reunification would eventually be permitted. Conflicts over the goals of European unity and over the degree of supranationality of its institutions have marked the European movement during the postwar period. Indeed, the most far-reaching attempts to institutionalize unity through the European Defense Community (EDC) and the companion European Political Community (EPC) foundered on issues directly related to these conflicts. In order to circumvent this problem, the promoters of the "European idea" decided to concentrate their efforts on economic integration. European governments ( France in particular) could enter into agreements in the economic sphere, as demonstrated by the formation and continued existence of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), but were not prepared to accept a direct attack on national sovereignty, as shown by the defeat of the EDC proposal. Thus, the Rome Treaty establishing the EEC is devoid of provisions for political integration. (Nugent, 2006) However, political motives were paramount, and th e ultimate objective of the

Management of Resources and Operations. Coca-Cola Company Term Paper

Management of Resources and Operations. Coca-Cola Company - Term Paper Example The company has been successful over the past years in terms of growth and market share globally. It uses franchising business model whereby it only manufactures the concentrate and then sells it to its franchised outlets. Its management is crucial to this success since it lays down the platform on how processes are done. To create an order in its operations, the global headquarters makes all major decisions like promotional advertisements and branding while every regional level implements them hence creation uniformity in the market. This research paper will seek to establish the management of resources and operations and the resultant success in Coca-Cola Company. Functions of Management Though management’s functions might vary, it carries out four key functions. In planning function, it identifies tasks to be done and offer procedure on how to perform them. It also declares and specifies the deadlines for the responsibilities. The main intention of planning is to work towar ds aspiration achievement both short term or long-term. Management controls by comparing performance against previous or set standards (Aswathappa & Dash. 2007:23). This enables the organization to set boundaries on business activities. Measuring of performance enables the organization to plan the next course of action as a corrective measure. Its organizing function encompasses dividing roles and tasks among employees as a mechanism of implementing of plans. Influencing may also mean motivating of employees. Therefore, through influencing, the management provides guiding principle on activities that are pilot to goal achievement. Influencing increases productivity in an organization since people are motivated (Griffin, 2011:12). Therefore, operations management ensures that production of goods is within the undeviating time possible, with the least amount of resources and customer needs addressed efficiently and effectively. Management Strategies in Coca-Cola Company The companyâ⠂¬â„¢ success and profitability is a fruit of its management strategies that keep its operations on track to goal achievement (Bodden, 2008:8). Its management involves itself in environmental scanning whereby it collects data, analyzes it, and provide information for strategy planning. This scanning helps it identify the present internal and external opportunities as well as threats. Therefore, it is essential to carry out the environmental analysis frequently for a continuous improvement in the organization. Strategy formulation is another milestone for success to Coca-Cola Company (Marr, 2010:286). It has a definite course of action on how to achieve the organizational goals. In other words, this may refer to the road map that the company should use in order to achieve its goals. The senior level management is bestowed with the responsibility for the formulation of long-term strategies, and shaping them. As the same time, the front line managers make decisions on tactical strategi es; they make short-term decisions. Another key function within the company is strategy implementation. Once the company establishes its strategy, putting it into operation is of significance (Jennings, 2011:27). The implementation process involves designing its structure, distributing resources, formulating a decision making channel, as well as managing

Human Evolution Essay Example for Free

Human Evolution Essay Human evolution is the evolutionary process leading up to the appearance of modern humans. While it began with the last common ancestor of all life, the topic usually covers only the evolutionary history of primates, in particular the genus Homo, and the emergence of Homo sapiens as a distinct species of hominids (or great apes). The study of human evolution involves many scientific disciplines, including physical anthropology, primatology, archaeology, linguistics, evolutionary psychology, embryology and genetics.[1] Genetic studies show that primates diverged from other mammals about 85 million years ago in the Late Cretaceous period, and the earliest fossils appear in the Paleocene, around 55 million years ago. [2] The family Hominidae diverged from the Hylobatidae (Gibbon) family 15-20 million years ago, and around 14 million years ago, the Ponginae (orangutans), diverged from the Hominidae family.[3] Bipedalism is the basic adaption of the Hominin line, and the earliest bipedal Hominin is considered to be either Sahelanthropus or Orrorin, with Ardipithecus, a full bipedal, coming somewhat later. The gorilla and chimpanzee diverged around the same time, about 4-6 million years ago, and either Sahelanthropus or Orrorin may be our last shared ancestor with them. The early bipedals eventually evolved into the australopithecines and later the genus Homo.Human evolution is the evolutionary process leading up to the appearance of modern humans. While it began with the last common ancestor of all life, the topic usually covers only the evolutionary history of primates, in particular the genus Homo, and the emergence of Homo sapiens as a distinct species of hominids (or great apes). The study of h uman evolution involves many scientific disciplines, including physical anthropology, primatology, archaeology, linguistics, evolutionary psychology, embryology and genetics.[1] Genetic studies show that primates diverged from other mammals about 85 million years ago in the Late Cretaceous period, and the earliest fossils appear in the Paleocene, around 55 million years ago.[2] The family Hominidae diverged from the Hylobatidae (Gibbon) family 15-20 million years ago, and around 14 million years ago, the Ponginae (orangutans), diverged from the Hominidae family.[3] Bipedalism is the basic adaption of the Hominin line, and the earliest bipedal Hominin is considered to be either Sahelanthropus or Orrorin, with Ardipithecus, a full bipedal, coming somewhat later. The gorilla and chimpanzee diverged around the same time, about 4-6 million years ago, and either Sahelanthropus or Orrorin may be our last shared ancestor with them. The early bipedals eventually evolved into the australopithecines and later the genus Homo.Human evolution is the evolutionary process leading up to the appearance of modern humans. While it began with the last common ancestor of all life, the topic usually covers only the evolutionary history of primates, in particular the genus Homo, and the emergence of Homo sapiens as a distinct species of hominids (or great apes). The study of human evolution involves many scientific disciplines, including physical anthropology, primatology, archaeology, linguistics, evolutionary psychology, embryology and genetics.[1] Genetic studies show that primates diverged from other mammals about 85 million years ago in the Late Cretaceous period, and the earliest fossils appear in the Paleocene, around 55 million years ago.[2] The family Ho minidae diverged from the Hylobatidae (Gibbon) family 15-20 million years ago, and around 14 million years ago, the Ponginae (orangutans), diverged from the Hominidae family.[3] Bipedalism is the basic adaption of the Hominin line, and the earliest bipedal Hominin is considered to be either Sahelanthropus or Orrorin, with Ardipithecus, a full bipedal, coming somewhat later. The gorilla and chimpanzee diverged around the same time, about 4-6 million years ago, and either Sahelanthropus or Orrorin may be our last shared ancestor with them. The early bipedals eventually evolved into the australopithecines and later the genus Homo.Human evolution is the evolutionary process leading up to the appearance of modern humans. While it began with the last common ancestor of all life, the topic usually covers only the evolutionary history of primates, in particular the genus Homo, and the emergence of Homo sapiens as a distinct species of hominids (or great apes). The study of human evolution i nvolves many scientific disciplines, including physical anthropology, primatology, archaeology, linguistics, evolutionary psychology, embryology and genetics.[1] Genetic studies show that primates diverged from other mammals about 85 million years ago in the Late Cretaceous period, and the earliest fossils appear in the Paleocene, around 55 million years ago.[2] The family Hominidae diverged from the Hylobatidae (Gibbon) family 15-20 million years ago, and around 14 million years ago, the Ponginae (orangutans), diverged from the Hominidae family.[3] Bipedalism is the basic adaption of the Hominin line, and the earliest bipedal Hominin is considered to be either Sahelanthropus or Orrorin, with Ardipithecus, a full bipedal, coming somewhat later. The gorilla and chimpanzee diverged around the same time, about 4-6 million years ago, and either Sahelanthropus or Orrorin may be our last shared ancestor with them. The early bipedals eventually evolved into the australopithecines and later the genus Homo.Human evolution is the evolutionary process leading up to the appearance of modern humans. While it began with the last common ancestor of all life, the topic usually covers only the evolutionary history of primates, in particular the genus Homo, and the emergence of Homo sapiens as a distinct species of hominids (or great apes). The study of human evolution involves many scientific disciplines, including physical anthropology, primatology, archaeology, linguistics, evolutionary psychology, embryology and genetics.[1] Genetic studies show that primates diverged from other mammals about 85 million years ago in the Late Cretaceous period, and the earliest fossils appear in the Paleocene, around 55 million years ago.[2] The family Ho minidae diverged from the Hylobatidae (Gibbon) family 15-20 million years ago, and around 14 million years ago, the Ponginae (orangutans), diverged from the Hominidae family.[3] Bipedalism is the basic adaption of the Hominin line, and the earliest bipedal Hominin is considered to be either Sahelanthropus or Orrorin, with Ardipithecus, a full bipedal, coming somewhat later. The gorilla and chimpanzee diverged around the same time, about 4-6 million years ago, and either Sahelanthropus or Orrorin may be our last shared ancestor with them. The early bipedals eventually evolved into the australopithecines and later the genus Homo.Human evolution is the evolutionary process leading up to the appearance of modern humans. While it began with the last common ancestor of all life, the topic usually covers only the evolutionary history of primates, in particular the genus Homo, and the emergence of Homo sapiens as a distinct species of hominids (or great apes). The study of human evolution involves many scientific disciplines, including physical anthropology, primatology, archaeology, linguistics, evolutionary psychology, embryology and genetics.[1] Genetic studies s how that primates diverged from other mammals about 85 million years ago in the Late Cretaceous period, and the earliest fossils appear in the Paleocene, around 55 million years ago.[2] The family Hominidae diverged from the Hylobatidae (Gibbon) family 15-20 million years ago, and around 14 million years ago, the Ponginae (orangutans), diverged from the Hominidae family.[3] Bipedalism is the basic adaption of the Hominin line, and the earliest bipedal Hominin is considered to be either Sahelanthropus or Orrorin, with Ardipithecus, a full bipedal, coming somewhat later. The gorilla and chimpanzee diverged around the same time, about 4-6 million years ago, and either Sahelanthropus or Orrorin may be our last shared ancestor with them. The early bipedals eventually evolved into the australopithecines and later the genus Homo. Human evolution is the evolutionary process leading up to the appearance of modern humans. While it began with the last common ancestor of all life, the topic usually covers only the evolutionary history of primates, in particular the genus Homo, and the emergence of Homo sapiens as a distinct species of hominids (or great apes). The study of human evolution involves many scientific disciplines, including physical anthropology, primatology, archaeology, linguistics, evolutionary psychology, embryology and genetics.[1] Genetic studies show that primates diverged from other mammals about 85 million years ago in the Late Cretaceous period, and the earliest fossils appear in the Paleocene, around 55 million years ago.[2] The family Hominidae diverged from the Hylobatidae (Gibbon) family 15-20 million years ago, and around 14 million years ago, the Ponginae (orangutans), diverged from the Hominidae family.[3] Bipedalism is the basic adaption of the Hominin line, and the earliest bipedal H ominin is considered to be either Sahelanthropus or Orrorin, with Ardipithecus, a full bipedal, coming somewhat later. The gorilla and chimpanzee diverged around the same time, about 4-6 million years ago, and either Sahelanthropus or Orrorin may be our last shared ancestor with them. The early bipedals eventually evolved into the australopithecines and later the genus Homo.Human evolution is the evolutionary process leading up to the appearance of modern humans. While it began with the last common ancestor of all life, the topic usually covers only the evolutionary history of primates, in particular the genus Homo, and the emergence of Homo sapiens as a distinct species of hominids (or great apes). The study of human evolutio n involves many scientific disciplines, including physical anthropology, primatology, archaeology, linguistics, evolutionary psychology, embryology and genetics.[1] Genetic studies show that primates diverged from other mammals about 85 million years ago in the Late Cretaceous period, and the earliest fossils appear in the Paleocene, around 55 million years ago.[2] The family Hominidae diverged from the Hylobatidae (Gibbon) family 15-20 million years ago, and around 14 million years ago, the Ponginae (orangutans), diverged from the Hominidae family.[3] Bipedalism is the basic adaption of the Hominin line, and the earliest bipedal Hominin is considered to be either Sahelanthropus or Orrorin, with Ardipithecus, a full bipedal, coming somewhat later. The gorilla and chimpanzee diverged around the same time, about 4-6 million years ago, and either Sahelanthropus or Orrorin may be our last shared ancestor with them. The early bipedals eventually evolved into th e australopithecines and later the genus Homo.Human evolution is the evolutionary process leading up to the appearance of modern humans. While it began with the last common ancestor of all life, the topic usually covers only the evolutionary history of primates, in particular the genus Homo, and the emergence of Homo sapiens as a distinct species of hominids (or great apes). The study of human evolution involves many scientific disciplines, including physical anthropology, primatology, archaeology, linguistics, evolutionary psychology, embryology and genetics.[1] Genetic studies show that primates diverged from other mammals about 85 million years ago in the Late Cretaceous period, and the earliest fossils appear in the Paleocene, around 55 million years ago.[2] The family Hominidae diverged from the Hylobatidae (Gibbon) family 15-20 million years ago, and around 14 million years ago, the Ponginae (orangutans), diverged from the Hominidae family.[3] Bipedalism is the basic adaption of the Hominin line, and the earliest bipedal Hominin is considered to be either Sahelanthropus or Orrorin, with Ardipithecus, a full bipedal, coming somewhat later. The gorilla and chimpanzee diverged around the same time, about 4-6 million years ago, and either Sahelanthropus or Orrorin may be our last shared ancestor with them. The early bipedals eventually evolved into the australopithecines and later the genus Homo.Human evolution is the evolutionary process leading up to the appearance of modern humans. While it began with the last common ancestor of all life, the topic usually covers only the evolutionary history of primates, in particular the genus Homo, and the emergence of Homo sapiens as a distinct species of hominids (or great apes). The study of human evolution involves many scientific disciplines, including physical anthropology, primatology, archaeology, linguistics, evolutionary psychology, embryology and genetics.[1] Genetic studies show that primates diverged from other mammals about 85 million years ago in the Late Cretaceous period, and the earliest fossils appear in the Paleocene, around 55 million years ago.[2] The family Hominidae diverged from the Hylobatidae (Gibbon) family 15-20 million years ago, and around 14 million years ago, the Ponginae (orangutans), diverged from the Hominidae family.[3] Bipedalism is the basic adaption of the Hominin line, and the earliest bipedal Hominin is considered to be either Sahelanthropus or Orrorin, with Ardipithecus, a full bipedal, coming somewhat later. The gorilla and chimpanzee diverged around the same time, about 4-6 million years ago, and either Sahelanthropus or Orrorin may be our last shared ancestor with them. The early bipedals eventually evolved into the australopithecines and later the genus Homo.Human evolution is the evolutionary process leading up to the appearance of modern humans. While it began with the last common ancestor of all life, the topic usually covers only the evolutionary history of primates, in particular the genus Homo, and the emergence of Homo sapiens as a distinct species of hominids (or great apes). The study of human evolution involves many scientific disciplines, including physical anthropology, primatology, archaeology, linguistics, evolutionary psychology, embryology and genetics.[1] Genetic studies show that primates diverged from other mammals about 85 million years ago in the Late Cretaceous period, and the earliest fossils appear in the Paleocene, around 55 million years ago.[2] The family Hominidae diverged from the Hylobatidae (Gibbon) family 15-20 million years ago, and around 14 million years ago, the Ponginae (orangutans), diverged from the Hominidae family.[3] Bipedalism is the basic adaption o f the Hominin line, and the earliest bipedal Hominin is considered to be either Sahelanthropus or Orrorin, with Ardipithecus, a full bipedal, coming somewhat later. The gorilla and chimpanzee diverged around the same time, about 4-6 million years ago, and either Sahelanthropus or Orrorin may be our last shared ancestor with them. The early bipedals eventually evolved into the australopithecines and later the genus Homo.Human evolution is the evolutionary process leading up to the appearance of modern humans. While it began with the last common ancestor of all life, the topic usually covers only the evolutionary history of primates, in particular the genus Homo, and the emergence of Homo sapiens as a distinct species of hominids (or great apes). The study of human evolution involves many scientific disciplines, including physical anthropology, primatology, archaeology, linguistics, evolutionary psychology, embryology and genetics.[1] Genetic studies show that primates diverged from other mammals about 85 million years ago in the Late Cretaceous period, and the earliest fossils appear in the Paleocene, around 55 million years ago.[2] The family Hominidae diverged from the Hylobatidae (Gibbon) family 15-20 million years ago, and around 14 million years ago, the Ponginae (orangutans), diverged from the Hominidae family.[3] Bipedalism is the basic adaption of the Hominin line, and the earliest bipedal Hominin is considered to be either Sahelanthropus or Orrorin, with Ardipithecus, a full bipedal, coming somewhat later. The gorilla and chimpanzee diverged around the same time, about 4-6 million years ago, and either Sahelanthropus or Orrorin may be our last shared ancestor with them. The early bipedals eventually evolved into the australopithecines and later the genus Homo.Human evolution is the evolutionary process leading up to the appearance of modern humans. While it began with the last common ancestor of all life, the topic usually covers only the evolutionary history of primates, in particular the genus Homo, and the emergence of Homo sapiens as a distinct species of hominids (or great apes). The study of human evolution involves many scientific disciplines, including physical anthropology, primatology, archaeology, linguistics, evolutionary psychology, embryology and genetics.[1] Genet ic studies show that primates diverged from other mammals about 85 million years ago in the Late Cretaceous period, and the earliest fossils appear in the Paleocene, around 55 million years ago.[2] The family Hominidae diverged from the Hylobatidae (Gibbon) family 15-20 million years ago, and around 14 million years ago, the Ponginae (orangutans), diverged from the Hominidae family.[3] Bipedalism is the basic adaption of the Hominin line, and the earliest bipedal Hominin is considered to be either Sahelanthropus or Orrorin, with Ardipithecus, a full bipedal, coming somewhat later. The gorilla and chimpanzee diverged around the same time, about 4-6 million years ago, and either Sahelanthropus or Orrorin may be our last shared ancestor with them. The early bipedals eventually evolved into the australopithecines and later the genus Homo.Human evolution is the evolutionary process leading up to the appearance of modern humans. While it began with the last common ancestor of all life, the topic usually covers only the evolutionary history of primates, in particular the genus Homo, and the emergence of Homo sapiens as a distinct species of hominids (or great apes). The study of human evolution involves many scientific disciplines, including physical anthropology, primatology, archaeology, linguistics, evolutionary psychology, embryology and genetics.[1] Genetic studies s how that primates diverged from other mammals about 85 million years ago in the Late Cretaceous period, and the earliest fossils appear in the Paleocene, around 55 million years ago.[2] The family Hominidae diverged from the Hylobatidae (Gibbon) family 15-20 million years ago, and around 14 million years ago, the Ponginae (orangutans), diverged from the Hominidae family.[3] Bipedalism is the basic adaption of the Hominin line, and the earliest bipedal Hominin is considered to be either Sahelanthropus or Orrorin, with Ardipithecus, a full bipedal, coming somewhat later. The gorilla and chimpanzee diverged around the same time, about 4-6 million years ago, and either Sahelanthropus or Orrorin may be our last shared ancestor with them. The early bipedals eventually evolved into the australopithecines and later the genus Homo.Human evolution is the evolutionary process leading up to the appearance of modern humans. While it began with the last common ancestor of all life, the topic usua lly covers only the evolutionary history of primates, in particular the genus Homo, and the emergence of Homo sapiens as a distinct species of hominids (or great apes). The study of human evolution involves many scientific disciplines, including physical anthropology, primatology, archaeology, linguistics, evolutionary psychology, embryology and genetics.[1] Genetic studies show that primates diverged from other mammals about 85 million years ago in the Late Cretaceous period, and the earliest fossils appear in the Paleocene, around 55 million years ago.[2] The family Hominidae diverged from the Hylobatidae (Gibbon) family 15-20 million years ago, and around 14 million years ago, the Ponginae (orangutans), diverged from the Hominidae family.[3] Bipedalism is the basic adaption of the Hominin line, and the earliest bipedal Hominin is considered to be either Sahelanthropus or Orrorin, with Ardipithecus, a full bipedal, coming somewhat later. The gorilla and chimpanzee diverged around the same time, about 4-6 million years ago, and either Sahelanthropus or Orrorin may be our last shared ancestor with them. The early bipedals eventually evolved into the australopithecines and later the genus Homo.Human evolution is the evolutionary process leading up to the appearance of modern humans. While it began with the last common ancestor of all life, the topic usually covers only the evolutionary history of primates, in particular the genus Homo, and the emergence of Homo sapiens as a distinct species of hominids (or great apes). The study of human evolution involves many scientific disciplines, including physical anthropology, primatology, archaeology, linguistics, evolutionary psychology, embryology and genetics.[1] Genetic studies show that primates diverged from other mammals about 85 million years ago in the Late Cretaceous period, and the earliest fossils appear in the Paleocene, around 55 million years ago.[2] The family Hominidae diverged from the Hylobatidae (Gibbon) family 15-20 million years ago, and around 14 million years ago, the Ponginae (orangutans), diverged from the Hominidae family.[3] Bipedalism is the basic adaption o f the Hominin line, and the earliest bipedal Hominin is considered to be either Sahelanthropus or Orrorin, with Ardipithecus, a full bipedal, coming somewhat later. The gorilla and chimpanzee diverged around the same time, about 4-6 million years ago, and either Sahelanthropus or Orrorin may be our last shared ancestor with them. The early bipedals eventually evolved into the australopithecines and later the genus Homo. Human evolution is the evolutionary process leading up to the appearance of modern humans. While it began with the last common ancestor of all life, the topic usually covers only the evolutionary history of primates, in particular the genus Homo, and the emergence of Homo sapiens as a distinct species of hominids (or great apes). The study of human evolution involves many scientific disciplines, including physical anthropology, primatology, archaeology, linguistics, evolutionary psychology, embryology and genetics.[1] Genetic studies show that primates diverged from other mammals about 85 million years ago in the Late Cretaceous period, and the earliest fossils appear in the Paleocene, around 55 million years ago.[2] The family Hominidae diverged from the Hylobatidae (Gibbon) family 15-20 million years ago, and around 14 million years ago, the Ponginae (orangutans), diverged from the Hominidae family.[3] Bipedalism is the basic adaption of the Hominin line, and the earliest bipedal H ominin is considered to be either Sahelanthropus or Orrorin, with Ardipithecus, a full bipedal, coming somewhat later. The gorilla and chimpanzee diverged around the same time, about 4-6 million years ago, and either Sahelanthropus or Orrorin may be our last shared ancestor with them. The early bipedals eventually evolved into the australopithecines and later the genus Homo.Human evolution is the evolutionary process leading up to the appearance of modern humans. While it began with the last common ancestor of all life, the topic usually covers only the evolutionary history of primates, in particular the genus Homo, and the emergence of Homo sapiens as a distinct species of hominids (or great apes). The study of human evolution involves many scientific disciplines, including physical anthropology, primatology, archaeology, linguistics, evolutionary psychology, embryology and genetics.[1] Genetic studies show that primates diverged from other mammals about 85 million years ago in the Late Cretaceous period, and the earliest fossils appear in the Paleocene, around 55 million years ago.[2] The family Hominidae diverged from the Hylobatidae (Gibbon) family 15-20 million years ago, and around 14 million years ago, the Ponginae (orangutans), diverged from the Hominidae family.[3] Bipedalism is the basic adaption of the Hominin line, and the earliest bipedal Hominin is considered to be either Sahelanthropus or Orrorin, with Ardipithecus, a full bipedal, coming somewhat later. The gorilla and chimpanzee diverged around the same time, about 4-6 million years ago, and either Sahelanthropus or Orrorin may be our last shared ancestor with them. The early bipedals eventually evolved into the australopithecines and later the genus Homo.

Walkabout :: essays research papers

Walkabout Walkabout is about a young girl, her younger brother, and a bush boy who fight for survival in the Australian desert. James Vance Marshall, the author, shows many problems of survival that the children are faced with, throughout their journey in the Australian desert. Some of the barriers that they are faced with are: language barrier, unfamiliar surroundings and the lack of essential items. Survival in the wilderness can be challenging, however one must be able to overcome these barriers in order to survive. The children in this novel are always faced with a communication problem; do to the Aboriginal not knowing their language and visa versa. The children try to overcome this barrier by using hand gestures, and pointing to things that sound like the word. Communication is the most important asset that they need in order for survival. The children have a difficult time-sharing their thoughts with one another, thus making it very frustrating for all of them to get their thoughts out in the open: 'We don't know what you're saying. But we're lost. We want to go to Adelaide' (Marshall, 45). This quote that Peter says is proving that the two children did not understand what he was saying. Peter asked him a question in return but Peter had to try and use hand expressions in order for the Aboriginal to understand. A language barrier can cause many problems for anyone, however, the children are also faced with another obstacle and that is unfamiliar surroundings. Since the children are unfamiliar with the area and where everything is located in the wild, they do not know how to go about in their journey. With no compass and no map, the children are very puzzled and are lost before they even begin their journey to Adelaide. A compass or a map would have allowed them to know which direction they are heading in; instead they must try and use the sun as a guide. By being in an unfamiliar area the children feel lost and alone: 'Lying beneath the great slab of rock, he looked small and helpless, dwarfed by the immensity of his surroundings'; (Marshall, 18). Since the children are unfamiliar with their environment, knowing where they can locate food becomes a dilemma. Essential items needed for survival are always hard to come by in the desert. Food is the most essential item of them all. Walkabout :: essays research papers Walkabout Walkabout is about a young girl, her younger brother, and a bush boy who fight for survival in the Australian desert. James Vance Marshall, the author, shows many problems of survival that the children are faced with, throughout their journey in the Australian desert. Some of the barriers that they are faced with are: language barrier, unfamiliar surroundings and the lack of essential items. Survival in the wilderness can be challenging, however one must be able to overcome these barriers in order to survive. The children in this novel are always faced with a communication problem; do to the Aboriginal not knowing their language and visa versa. The children try to overcome this barrier by using hand gestures, and pointing to things that sound like the word. Communication is the most important asset that they need in order for survival. The children have a difficult time-sharing their thoughts with one another, thus making it very frustrating for all of them to get their thoughts out in the open: 'We don't know what you're saying. But we're lost. We want to go to Adelaide' (Marshall, 45). This quote that Peter says is proving that the two children did not understand what he was saying. Peter asked him a question in return but Peter had to try and use hand expressions in order for the Aboriginal to understand. A language barrier can cause many problems for anyone, however, the children are also faced with another obstacle and that is unfamiliar surroundings. Since the children are unfamiliar with the area and where everything is located in the wild, they do not know how to go about in their journey. With no compass and no map, the children are very puzzled and are lost before they even begin their journey to Adelaide. A compass or a map would have allowed them to know which direction they are heading in; instead they must try and use the sun as a guide. By being in an unfamiliar area the children feel lost and alone: 'Lying beneath the great slab of rock, he looked small and helpless, dwarfed by the immensity of his surroundings'; (Marshall, 18). Since the children are unfamiliar with their environment, knowing where they can locate food becomes a dilemma. Essential items needed for survival are always hard to come by in the desert. Food is the most essential item of them all.

Business books have changed Essay

One of the more concrete evidences that businesses have changed is the way business books were written. Authors of books update themselves on current business trends, and often include new knowledge that can help the businessmen improve their craft and industries. The latest addition to business books by the turn of the 20th century is the wide discussion of technology and technological innovations. This aimed at educating then-businessmen about the digital revolution who, chances are, have not been formally trained yet on the new innovations. (Craiger JP 2006). This change in business books directly affects the way in which business people served their workplaces. They were refreshed and fed with new information that helped them go a step higher into their management. In turn, they helped move up the companies which they serve. The generation of new information enforced an equally new generation of managers, employees, and business movers that changed the face of businesses. Cost-efficiency paved the way for technology Another change in organizations brought about by technology is in the financial aspect. Businesses started to adopt newer technology and bought sophisticated machines because it lowered production costs. Computers, for one, are so effective and efficient that it allowed computation, clerical work, bookkeeping, and other functions to be done by one person—the computer operator—which proved to be more cost-effective rather than hiring three or more persons to manually do the work separately. (Craiger JP 2006) This is true even if in fact computers, when the digital revolution is just starting, costs thousands or even hundreds of thousands for companies to invest on. Companies were thinking long-term. Comparisons between paying different people for different jobs or paying one person to operate a machine which can do different jobs proved that the latter will benefit the organizations more. Despite the high costs the promise of productivity, accuracy, and efficiency was too hard for capitalists to resist, plus the fact that the use of technology brings prestige to the company. Thus, technology and business became an inseparable pair. More sensitivity to customers Different organizations receive and use technology differently. For news organizations such as the CNN, technology is widely of the essence than anything else. But the use of technology in CNN is not a corporate decision alone. As successful media outfits would say, it is still consumer-dependent after all. Because consumers want to get services conveniently, in a way that is readily accessible to them, organizations like CNN subscribe to technological innovations that answer these consumer calls. There is the technology of television, radio, print materials, internet, and even podcasting. These embrace to technology for an industry as old as news is not surprising. The news world, just like any other organizations, is growing more competitive, and companies will need to leverage on these new forms of getting in touch and connecting with the customers, or they will simply lose them. (D’Agostino D, 2006) The interactivity of organizations also gave convenience to customers, and allowed companies to get to know their clients more. Feedback has never been easier. Today, a company can give a telephone number, a toll-free number, an email address, or a fax number to encourage customers to tell them what they think about their product or service. More so, companies can accept orders for their products or inquiries for their services through these innovations as well. The convenience that this brought about is far from the snail-mail feedback system that companies used to have in the pre-digital revolution era. This shows one character change in organizations. Today, companies are more sensitive to the needs and wants of consumers than ever before. With the fast pace in which customers are keeping up with technology, businesses are also on the run to match the speed and not be left behind. In turn, technology also helped company respond to consumer needs and wants more easily. If customers wanted the convenience of getting news from their palm pilots RSS is right at their service. Similarly, when they want information from a product, service, or company without leaving the house, an internet connection is all they need; and when an organization can deliver to this convenience issue they can assure themselves that they are on the right track. Convenience through connectivity Technology is not only for the profit organizations. Even charitable organizations are being benefited by the advent of modern tools and know-how, albeit in simpler ways than their bigger counterparts. Computers and other simple technology allowed charitable institutions to monitor donors, donations, receipt issuances, and find support communities and common causes because of the connectivity that technology brings. (United Press International, 2005) Connectivity also changed the way in which companies and employees communicate. While the isolation of computers and computer operators posed a problem at the onset of technology in companies, the advent of networking allowed for people to get connected and work as teams more easily. Local area networking and internet connectivity allowed for more convenient sharing of information, files, and discussion of projects regardless of their location and time. (Craiger JP 2006) Computer-based trainings also allowed trainers and trainees to undergo sessions without time or geographical constraints. By use of technology in trainings, employees old and new alike are also encouraged subliminally to devote time for learning technological skills to be more productive in their work. (Craiger JP 2006) Another convenience brought about by technology to organizations is the possibility of telecommuting. Thanks to computers and the internet, one can now work from home or from a different location. This also allowed telecommuting employees to go about their other tasks while performing work-related duties, without the time and geographical constraints that normal office work can entail. Work teams One important change that technology brought about is the highlight given on work teams. The connectivity caused by technology allowed employees to exchange and merge ideas, bringing in better ideas that are products of brainstorming. Apart from the benefit it brings to the company, teamwork also encourages goodwill and camaraderie among employees, encouraging them to set themselves into a single goal and work together to achieve this goal for the organization. (Craiger JP 2006) As technology allowed work teams it also allowed for a check and balance in the output of workers. Because employees can give access to their work for others, the time-consuming and money-wasting overlapping and repetitions in jobs done were lessened and even eliminated, saving more resources for employees to devote to other tasks. As an example, in a workplace where there is no technological connectivity one employee-member of a team may have started encoding a document only to find out that another member has already encoded it. This scenario becomes rather unlikely when a company has a structured network where employees can check with files and other employees about work that needs to be done, and those that has already been done. This, in turn, benefited the company more than anything else. The highlight given by technology to the importance of teamwork created a realization for many employees. When on the onset of introducing technology in business the problem was the isolation of the relatively few people who can operate the machines and the isolation of the files in separately stationed machines, networking opened a new frontier where ease of work and interpersonal communication became possible.

Essay on Political Philosophers - 471 Words

Political Philosophers Jeremy Bentham figured that laws should be socially useful and not merely reflect the status quo. While he believed that men inevitably pursue pleasure and avoid pain, Bentham thought it to be a sacred truth that the greatest happiness of the greatest number is the foundation of morals and legislation. Bentham supposed that morality could be derived from enlightened self-interest, and that a person who always acted with a view to his own maximum satisfaction in the long run would always act rightly. Bentham is comparable to William Godwin. They resembled one another in their contempt for the past. While each preached the need for nonviolent revolution, each had a different following. Benthams revolution†¦show more content†¦Godwin believed it was impossible to be rationally persuaded and not act accordingly, and that man could live in harmony without law and institutions. He believed in the perfectibility of man. The two works Godwin is remembered for are An Inquiry Concerning Political Justice (1793) and Caleb Williams (1794). Rousseau was the author of Discours (1755), and, of course, his masterpiece, Contrat social (1762). Man is born free; and everywhere he is in chains. And man must be forced to be free. These were the notions of Rousseau and those who followed him. Rousseaus concept of a social contract (via., that there existed unstated reciprocal obligations between the people and government) is not near as upsetting as his view that the existing social conventions should be immediately upset like a barrow of apples at the Saturday morning market: every apple, all at once, to be bruised and kicked. What Rousseau failed to observe or appreciate is that the state is an organic organ which has evolved over a very long time and runs (and can only run) on culture and custom. It would take a lot more than long years of war to change the fundamental beliefs of a people. It would take a lot of time, and several generations will have had to pass, with wise men in power applying gentle non-hurting pressure (s imple and steady pressure). Going against the writings of Godwin and Rousseau, Malthus, in his famousShow MoreRelatedSocrates And Machiavelli : A Political Philosopher1666 Words   |  7 PagesMachiavelli appear to have a lot in common.   They both lived in a time of political unrest and violence. They both dealt with uncertain surroundings in their societies. Most importantly, they both tried to use philosophy to improve their society. However, there was also an important difference between them. While Socrates was a moral philosopher whose goal was to search for truth and knowledge, Machiavelli was a political philosopher whose goal was to create a lasting society with a Prince that could holdRead MoreThe First Modern Political Philosophers1839 Words   |  8 PagesThomas Hobbes and John Locke are viewed as the first modern political philosophers. 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